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This can involve using their mouths to clean the other giraffes coat, or using their tongues to groom around the other giraffes eyes. They also learn to run away from predators. Giraffes are considered one of the animals that have the most developed vocal cords. Brenneman RA, Bagine, RK, Brown, DM, Ndetei R, Louis EEJr (2009): Implications of closed ecosystem conservation management: the decline of Rothschilds giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. Observations were conducted at several water holes and open plains in the Main Camp area, ranging from Guvalala Pan to Ngweshla Pan. In total, 104 publications (93 scientific articles, 2 books, 3 PhD theses, 2 MSc dissertations and 4 other publications) on giraffe behaviour, ecology, and general biology were reviewed for descriptions of behavioural patterns in wild and captive giraffes, listed in the Appendix. In: D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World. J Comp Psychol. But what you may not know is that these features also make them incredibly difficult for predators to spot in the trees. Giraffes learn how to find food and water. Lamprey HF (1963): Ecological separation of the large mamal species in the Tarangire game reserve, Tanganyika. Acta Zool. African Journal of Ecology 21, 241-267. Fennessy J (2009): Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the Northern Namib Desert. 1991, 25: 103-115. Foster JB (1966) The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: home ranges, sex ratios, the herd and food. 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.04.004. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. This is usually done as a sign of dominance or aggression. The following are commonly recognized behavioral adaptations of giraffes by zoologists and wildlife observers. Ginnett TF, Demment MW (1997) Sex differences in giraffe foraging behaviour at two spatial scales. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 3,255-261. As these examples show, both positive and negative reinforcement can be used to shape an organism's behavior in operant conditioning. Other behaviors an animal. 2013; VanderWaal et al. Johns Hopkins University Press. By restricting the natural tendency of giraffes to roam vast areas in search for conspecifics, further implications in terms of behavioural alterations are easily conceivable [6, 10, 11]. A range of vocalizations anecdotally reported (few acoustic descriptions exist): Bleat or mew by calves (captured at 1 min, 46 sec of, "Roaring bellow" by females looking for their young (Toon and Toon 2004), "Raucous cough" by males during courtship (Toon and Toon 2004), Discovered while studying captive giraffes, Low-frequency with a rich harmonic structure. Giraffes are gentle animals and rarely attack humans or other animals unless they feel threatened. Childes SL, Walker BH: Ecology and dynamics of the woody vegetation on the Kalahari Sands in Hwange National Park. At first, they will give this alarm call in response to hearing human steps, which indicate the presence of a large and potentially hungry animal. Dagg AI (1970): Tactile encounters in a Herd of Captive Giraffes. There are several things we can do to help protect giraffes: Poaching of the giraffe is a major threat. They learn how to protect themselves from predators. Veasey JS, Waran NK, Young RJ: On comparing the behaviour of zoo housed animals with wild conspecifics as a welfare indicator, using th giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) as a model. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Use front legs together, then back, alternating between front and back. Journal of Mammalogy 85 No. "Necking" behaviour in the giraffe - Coe - 1967 - Journal of Zoology The subtropical climate of south Florida provides a perfect combination of year-round moisture and heat for these parasites to thrive. Prosauropod Dinosaur Pictures and Profiles, 10 Facts About Mammals Everyone Should Know, 10 Facts About Brachiosaurus, the Giraffe-Like Dinosaur, Social Networks, Long-Term Associations and Age-Related Sociability of Wild Giraffes. 10.1007/s10164-006-0030-z. The giraffes legs are longer than the height of many human adults, as they can measure up to 5.9 feet (1.80 meters). Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. (DOC 60 KB). Orange-Free-State. 10.1016/0169-5347(96)20046-1. Snow leopards are, Otters are playful animals, and this playful behavior is evident when they are interacting with other otters or humans. Giraffes are the tallest land animals in the world.2. Mammalia. What are giraffes learned behaviors? - Short-Fact South African Journal of Wildlife Research 10, 45-55. Giraffes are fascinating creatures that exhibit interesting behavior. South African Journal of Zoology 14, 103-107. Fleming PA, Hofmeyr SD, Nicolson SW, du Toit JT (2006): Are giraffes pollinators of flower predators of Acacia nigrescens in Kruger National Park, South Africa? 2000, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003, 245: 473-474. East Afr Wildl J. They also have to learn how to protect themselves from predators. More active on nights with bright moonshine (Estes 1991). 2013; VanderWaal et al. In this paper, we therefore aim to provide a full descriptive catalogue of the giraffes behavioural repertoire for observations of wild and captive animals. Privacy Policy (function (w,d) {var loader = function () {var s = d.createElement("script"), tag = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.src="https://cdn.iubenda.com/iubenda.js"; tag.parentNode.insertBefore(s,tag);}; if(w.addEventListener){w.addEventListener("load", loader, false);}else if(w.attachEvent){w.attachEvent("onload", loader);}else{w.onload = loader;}})(window, document); Cookie Policy (function (w,d) {var loader = function () {var s = d.createElement("script"), tag = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.src="https://cdn.iubenda.com/iubenda.js"; tag.parentNode.insertBefore(s,tag);}; if(w.addEventListener){w.addEventListener("load", loader, false);}else if(w.attachEvent){w.attachEvent("onload", loader);}else{w.onload = loader;}})(window, document); All articles are copyrighted to the original authors/publishers unless otherwise stated. That is, how do we know imprinting is a learning process conditioned by experience? Additionally, when a person interacts with a giraffe, it often lowers its head to get closer to the person, which is seen as a sign of trust. Giraffes are herbivores that mainly eat leaves, flowers, and shoots from trees and shrubs. Their diet is very high in fiber and low in protein. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fun-facts-about-giraffes-4069410. And many more! 10.1002/zoo.20180. Typically no more than a couple of hours at a time. Here's what happens at the Milwaukee County Zoo when an animal dies Another example of giraffe learned behavior is that the giraffe knows how to cross busy roads without getting hit by cars. https://www.thoughtco.com/fun-facts-about-giraffes-4069410 (accessed May 1, 2023). Strauss, Bob. Choose : inherited trait or learned behavior. Anim Behav. In classical conditioning, a new stimulus is associated with a pre-existing response through . Biology of Reproduction 81, 989-995. Mating behavior in giraffes has been extensively studied. Springer Nature. Suraud JP (2011): Identifying conservation constraints for the last West African giraffe: population dynamics determining factors and spatial distribution pattern. General and Comparative Endocrinology 141, 271-281. Clauss M, Flach EJ, Lechner-Doll M, Hatt JM (2003) Reaction of a group of captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) to the introduction of a tannin-containing pellet. Trends Ecol Evol. Ruanda-Urund, Bruxelles. It can measure up to 11 to 20 inches (50-53 centimeters) and is a purple-black color. Gilbert DE, Loskutoff NM, Dorn CG, Nemec LA, Calle PP, Kraemer DC, Threlfall WR, Raphael BL (1988): Hormonal manipulation and ultrsonographic monitoring of ovarian activity in the giraffe. Calves are most vulnerable. Drews C: The concept and definition of dominance in animal behaviour. Journal of Mammalogy 4, 574. Want the full story? 2001, 10: 281-290. Giraffe Behaviors by Samantha Bonick - Prezi If you see a giraffe nearby, stay calm and give it plenty of space. Kok, OB, Opperman, DP (1980): Feeding behaviour of giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis in the Willem-Pretorius-Game-Reserve, Orange Free State. A behavioral adaptation giraffes make when they drink water is to gulp it. C.R. They also some learned behaviors. African Journal of Ecology 21, 269-283. inherited trait. [ 2, 4, 5, 9, 16, 18 - 23, Often stand in the shade or orient their bodies towards sun to reduce sun exposure. Direct link to Alan 208282's post Through training, can we , Posted 6 years ago. In other words we can't train them out of their Innate behaviors. col. Younger males likely follow and learn from older males. 1983, 2: 105-125. A giraffe's main predators are humans, hyenas, lions and crocodiles. Erkrankungen der Zootiere 41, 343. Notably larger home ranges reported in harsher areas, Largest reported by Fennessey (2009): 1950 km. What are some learned behaviors of giraffes? - Answers Image credit: San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. Some conservationists even worry that they may soon go extinct. These behaviours were subdivided into 30 Activities and 35 Interactions. They practice what adult males do during mating season, for instance: male giraffes will engage in "necking," in which two combatants jostle one another and attempt to land blows with their ossicones. Giraffes have been misunderstood and are just as socially complex as What was most striking, however, was what happened, In both groups, the day after the food had been provided, the rats showed a sharp drop in number of errors, almost catching up to the Group I rats. Seen between young bulls; sometimes leads to sparring (a behavior of similar motions to fighting, but vigorous) and mounting. An introductory guide. These changes help to curb the giraffes' grazing habit, make the pastures less habitable for H. contortus and reactively deal with the ramifications of H. contortus infections. Typically, these fascinating animals roam the open grasslands in small groups of about half a dozen. 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.010. 4, 686-695. del Castillo SM, Bashaw MJ, Patton ML, Rieches RR, Bercovitch FB (2005): Fecal steroid analysis of female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) reproductive condition and the impact of endocrine status on daily time budgets. Giraffes have very long necks; bending down to drink water makes giraffes susceptible to attack because they cannot see what is going on around them. Young TP & Isbell LA (1991): Sex differences in Giraffe feeding ecology: energetic and social constraints. Edited by: Skinner JD, Chimimba CT. 2007, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 616-620. Ouch! HNP covers 14.650 km2 in western Zimbabwe and is entirely unfenced. Comparison between the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and the Okapi (Okapia johnstoni). A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), 637-722. 2007, 143: 327-325. 10.1578/AM.32.3.2006.325. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, 341-353. Giraffe Conservation Foundation: The Facts. Also, giraffes can survive with 30 minutes of sleep a day. This can be done through logging, mining, oil drilling, and farming. Sleep patterns of wild giraffe poorly understood (David O'Connor, personal communication) Short periods of sleep, day and night Typically no more than a couple of hours at a time. Head slams into neck, body, and/or legs, like a club (Seeber et al. Giraffes are herd animals and live in groups of 10-20. What are examples of learned behaviors in animals? When it feels threatened, the giraffe will stretch its neck out and swing it back and forth at its attacker. Foster J & Dagg I (1972): Notes on the biology of the giraffe. Bourliere F (1961): The sex ratio of the giraffe. Direct link to Bonney, Sierra; 200609208's post why are animals are alert, Posted 4 years ago. Oecologia. Blomqvist PA, Renberg L: Feeding behaviour of Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in Mokolodi Reserve. The pairing of increased grazing behavior in the giraffe with the presence of H. contortus in the pasture has resulted in increased parasite loads in the giraffe. Habitat destruction also includes things like cutting down trees for fuel or building roads that cross a habitat. Dont try to fight back or run away, as this could just make the situation worse. As an example of a near-natural environment, wild giraffes were observed in HNP for thirteen weeks, between November and December 2010, and from March to April in 2011. Hirth DH, McCullough DR: Evolution of alarm signals in ungulates with special reference to white-tailed deer. Learn surprising giraffe facts, such as why they need such enormous hearts and how they get by on less than thirty minutes of sleep each day. The section on play behaviour was kept rather short and comprehensive. This ethogram provides a basis for current and future studies by suggesting a terminology which can be used for harmonizing behavioural observations, thus helping to facilitate comparability of future results. It must be also mentioned, that for the visual communication of dominance, contradictory descriptions are given in literature. Choose : inherited trait or learned behavior. Google Scholar. For example, in one experiment, Khler hung a banana in the chimpanzees' cage, too high for them to reach. The Behaviour of The Giraffe, Giraffa Camelopardalis , in The Eastern Instit. 2000; Bercovitch and Berry 2009a). Lammergeyer. Wyatt JR: Osteophagia in Masai giraffe. It depends. Mammalia 66, 183-194. Because that is a reward to the body - getting energy source: dopamine is produced in the brain. International Center for the Care & Conservation of Giraffe Shared space use and kinship: influence female social organization more strongly than that of males (Bercovitch and Berry 2012; Carter et al. 2011. Dagg AI: Giraffa camelopardalis. Oecologia 110, 291-300. East African Wildlife Journal 16, 231-243. Apart from its distinctive vocalizations, the Wood Thrush is also known for its striking appearance and interesting behaviors. They are not aggressive animals and prefer to avoid conflict. J Zool. Patten RA (1940): Breeding the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Version. IUCN 2010. Technically, giraffes are classified as artiodactyls, or even-toed ungulateswhich puts them in the same mammalian family as whales, pigs, deer, and cows, all of which evolved from a "last common ancestor" that probably lived sometime during the Eocene epoch, about 50 million years ago. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 131, 245-275. 17 Harmful and Toxic Fruits and Vegetables for Dogs, The World's Oldest Land Animal is Called Jonathan and Is 190 Years Old, All About Grasshoppers: Reproduction and Birth, The Most Beautiful Dragonflies in the World, 9 Fish that Don't Need a Filter in the Fish Tank, How to Tell the Approximate Age of Your Cat. 1991, Kyoto: Otani University. Males are taller than females and usually weigh around 2620 to 3520 pounds (1200 to 1600 kg). This allows them to reach food high in trees and avoid being attacked by predators. 10.1163/156853993X00290. The visual communication of submission is contrary to that of dominance and thus is also described contradictory in literature. 'Beef' creators address David Choe's resurfaced comments about 'rapey Shorrocks B & Croft DP (2009): Necks and networks: a preliminary study of population structure in the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulate de Winston). Hence, data to build upon is rather limited. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 52, 1-7. Strauss, Bob. Pournele GH (1955): Notes on the reproduction of a Baringo giraffe. Horm Behav. Coe MJ (1967): Necking behaviour in the Giraffe. When the animals are in a head to head posture the intensity is either high or low, but when animals take up a head to tail posture the actions are always of high . every time it sits, rolls over, or refrains from barking. Giraffesare also herbivores. To allow cross-institutional comparison of collected data and to contribute to a reliable base of information, behaviour must be measured in a distinct and standardised way. Giraffe behavior before giving birth is a mystery to many. Nile crocodiles have been known to chomp on the necks of full-grown giraffes, drag them into the water, and feast at leisure on their copious carcasses. Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, You can also search for this author in In the case of any doubt, it's best to consult a trusted specialist. 1, 1-20. Giraffes are gentle giants that are often misunderstood. In fact, they are believed to be the rarest subspecies of giraffes. Read on to discover more about them! 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00112-0. (DOC 507 KB), Additional file 6: Table S6: Cow - Bull Behaviour [23, 27]. 36: 574-. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 3, 107-108. Several boxes were also placed randomly on the floor. As a result, the giraffe population is declining rapidly. Bernhard A, Eulenberger K (2003): Hand-rearing of a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) at Leipzig zoo. Animal Behaviour 79, 665-671. German ecologist Axel Janke has argued that multi-local DNA analysis of giraffe genetic structure shows that there are actually four separate giraffe species: These suggestions are not accepted by all scholars. They have long necks and legs, and their coloration helps them to blend in with their surroundings. May have a minimal role in communication (Dagg 2014; Bercovitch and Deacon 2015). It's unclear what the purpose of ossicones are; they may help males to intimidate one another during mating season, they may be a sexually selected characteristic (that is, males with more impressive ossicones may be more attractive to females), or they may even help to dissipate heat in the blazing African sun. All rights reserved, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. J Nat Hist. 2014). If you own a dogor have a friend who owns a dogyou probably know that dogs can be trained to do things like sit, beg, roll over, and play dead. Yes, black giraffes are rare. We suggest that both observations are adequate and that communication of dominance might vary with the distance between opponents. The giraffe also adapts its diet to eat the foliage of the acacia tree. Biol Conserv. An interesting case of imprinting being used for good comes from efforts to rehabilitate the endangered whooping crane by raising chicks in captivity. Sign up to keep reading and unlock hundreds of Nat Geo articles for free. Baotic et al. University of Uppsala, Minor Fied Study. Kenya. 3, 428-431. The behaviours were further described regarding a presumed purpose, particularly with respect to social interactions and sexual behaviour. I was wondering, what is the term for when a new behavior is being taught, an old one breaks down? Lichtenberg EM, Hallager S: A description of commonly observed behaviors for the kori bustard (Ardeotis kori). Priquet S, Valeix M, Loveridge AJ, Madzikanda H, MacDonald DW & Fritz H (2010): Individual vigilance of African herbivores while drinking: the role of immediate predation risk and context. Previous references to "necking" behaviour, and the main features of the study area are briefly outlined. Kristal MB, Noonan M: Note on sleep in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). Bercovitch F, Bashaw M, del Castillo S: Sociosexual behavior, male mating tactics, and the reproductive cycle of giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis. In the language of classical conditioning, this existing stimulus-response pair can be broken into an, In Pavlov's experiments, every time a dog was given food, another stimulus was provided alongside the unconditioned stimulus. Their natural habitats are being destroyed by development and other human activities. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 75, 1-9. Is the unconditioned response, drooling in response to food, exactly identical to the conditioned response, drooling in response to the bell? Behavioural inventory of the giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) 1974, 49: 227-267. Direct link to LightX's post No.They create a maze in , Posted 4 years ago. Herds are led by a dominant male and females take turns leading the herd. Giraffe Facts: Habitat, Behavior, Diet. East African Wildlife Journal 4, 139-148. Mammalian species 5, 1-8. Giraffes are one of the most fascinating animals in the world. Jolly L (2003): Giraffe husbandry manual. They are bioluminescent insects that produce light through a chemical reaction in their bodies. 2012 Table S5). Mammalia. East Afr Wildl J. Bashaw MJ, Bloomsmith MA, Maple TL, Bercovitch FB (2007): The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). South African Journal of Wildlife Research 7, 53-59. Western D: Giraffe chewing a Grants gazelle carcass. Giraffes are also unique in the way that they can move their body in different ways to get around. Kenya. The little-known history of the Florida panther. Usually giraffes sleep in five-minute intervals, while another giraffe is watching for danger. You could also have a phobia of lions, because people that ran away from lions may have had a higher chance to pass their genes along than people that stood looking at lions. (DOC 4 MB), Additional file 5: Table S5: Bull-Bull Behaviour [9, 18, 23, 41, 60]. I: Composition, biomass and production of available browse. The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is the tallest land-living animal and the only extant species of its genus [1]. Anim Welf. 1979, 14: 108-. Bercovitch FB, Bashaw MJ, Penny CG, Rieches RG (2004): Maternal investment in captive giraffes. This playful behavior helps to relieve boredom and stress, and it also helps to form relationships with others. This involves the males wrapping their necks around each other and pushing and pulling until one of them submits. Gender, shared habitat use (home range overlap), kinship, age, familiarity, and individual social preferences and avoidances mediate association preferences (Carter et al. Giraffe numbers have declined by 40% since 1985, according to the study, and are listed as vulnerable by the. May repel microorganisms or parasites; adaptive significance not well-understood. Eventually, they stop giving the alarm call in response to footsteps. Like camels, they don't need to drink on a daily basis. At Lion Country Safari (LCS) in Loxahatchee, FL, a sub-tropical climate and the adoption of unnatural behavior by the captive giraffe herd have collided to pose a threat to the health of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Their tongues can reach deep into plants to feed on leaves and branches. And, like the zebra, it has a very attractive skin that, undoubtedly, has inspired many designers to imitate its different patterns. Copy. Can you give an example of a human expressing habituation because I can't think of anything. Hind feet stay outside of the forelegs, so there is no contact. Chinese Journal of Zoology 39, 76-78. 2008, 27: 200-212. 1972, 17: 67-. Dagg [9] reports that inferior giraffe bulls stand with an erect neck and the nose pointed upwards, assuming a feeding position and thereby exposing the body to attacks. Hall-Martin AJ, Skinner JD, Hopkins BJ (1978): The development of the reproductive organs of the male giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis. Greetings observed more frequently exchanged between cows and calves than between adults. They are also very curious and inquisitive, often getting into places theyre not supposed to be. To this, we must add the tail, which ranges from between 30 to 39 inches (78 to 100 centimeters). List of learned behaviors in animals. Journal of Mammalogy 51 No. Skinner put rats in boxes containing a lever that would dispense food when pushed by the rat. 10.1086/283136. Sauer JJ, Theron GK, Skinner JD (1977): Food preferences of giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis in the arid bushveld of the eastern Transvaal. This is something dogs do innately, without any need for learning. First of all, its important to remember that giraffes are naturally shy animals and will usually only attack if they feel threatened. Training giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata ) for front foot The consequences of these learned behaviors pose the staff at LCS with a dual mission: stop the giraffe from grazing and control parasite levels. Observed behaviours should be interpreted carefully and the researcher should consider the animals intention not only for the moment and place of observation but also on a larger temporal and spatial scale. The length of its neck and legs is very striking from the first time you see it. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because that is a reward , Posted 5 years ago. Erkrankungen der Zootiere 41, 327-328. Magpies are known to be very intelligent and cunning, which is reflected in their behaviour. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1, 202-207. Claus M, Franz-Odendaal TA, Brasch J, Castell JC, Kaiser T (2007): Tooth wear in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): Mesowear analysis classifies free-ranging specimens as browsers but captive ones as grazers. Licks the calf's body. Females usually weigh approximately 1650 to 1820 pounds (750 to 825 kg). 1977, 58: 61-63. In terms of available behavioural data for the giraffe, many of the contributing studies only cover specific behavioural classes and at times, these studies use inconsistent terminology or innovate purpose-built definitions for certain behaviours e.g. The creators of Netflix's "Beef" have broken their silence amid controversy surrounding the casting of David Choe, whose comments from 2014 about self-proclaimed "rapey behavior" have . 1979, 14: 103-107. Fireflies have a long and intriguing history, with fossil. Keen adaptations for visual perception, although giraffe perceptual abilities have not been researched. They stand out because their spots are more reddish and they have a lighter coat. Mammalia 25, 467-471. All behaviours performed between cows (cow-cow) were also observed between other constellations of sex and age, thus listed under general interactions. Hormones and Behavior 50, 314-321. Giraffes also use their horns to communicate by butting each other head-on. The contents of My Animals are written for informational purposes. Bashaw M (2010): Consistency of captive giraffe behaviour under two different management regimes. With their long necks and patterned coats, they are hard to miss. Journal of Zoology 278, 281-286. 2012 Table S7; Dagg 2014), Predator defenses (Wilson and Mittermeier 2011; Dagg 2014). 2015). They are social creatures who mostly live in one of two types of herds: adult females and their offspring, and bachelor herds. Direct link to Animalia's post Simple: the dog forgets t. 2010, 29: 1-8. (2012)Shorrocks and Croft (2009)VanderWaal et al. They communicate with each other by making various sounds, including humming, hissing, and mooing. University of Sydney, Australia, Phd thesis. Ciofolo I: West Africas last giraffes: the conflict between development and conservation. What learned behaviors do giraffes have? - Answers