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The Gold Coast is renowned for its natural beauty . Whilst the tourism industry itself has a number of negative environmental impacts. Changes in the coastline at the Surfers Paradise district, Credits: Southport Local Studies Libraries and Karine Dupre. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of our Privacy and Disclaimer. Unfortunately, tourism often contributes to the degradation of said resources. I have also created a new YouTube video on the environmental impacts of tourism, you can see this below. SOSA a, URL: . In December 2005 the Queensland State Government created a Gold Coast Marine Development Project Board to act as the proponent for the Spit development. Environment & sustainability | City of Gold Coast Environmental aspects are little studied, with 1,500 publications in total. Griffin, G. (2006). All decisions taken by the Government were to be, and in fact were, based upon the advice of the Board. Conflict then potentially occurs as a result of the difference in place values between the new and old players/community members. In particular, potential visitors from other Australian cities seek the opportunity for activities where they can connect with each other (especially family and couples who are the primary markets for the Gold Coast). Despite the fact that the project was eventually abandoned one year later at the favor of the new state election, ASF is still in the starting blocks to deliver mostly a casino under the official form of an integrated resort development. New players invariably bring with them new ideas, concepts, beliefs and place values. Despites this shift in national government approach to coastal management, conflicts still regularly make the headlines regarding the management and development of coastal areas in Australia. The city is renowned for its natural environment, with 57 kilometres of coastal strip with pristine beaches and unique hinterland landscapes featuring several national parks. Jenningss last fight to save the Spit was instigated in 1979 when the Queensland National/Liberal State Government, under the Premiership of Sir Jon Bjelke-Petersen (see Wear, 2002; Whitton, 1989), established the Gold Coast Waterways Authority to address tidal inundation and the impacts of storm surges in the Broadwater and the erosion of the Spit. There are many ways you can explore our environment check out Things to do on the Gold Coast for places to visit and enjoy. Constructing and modifying infrastructure close to the coastline has exposed our city to significant risk from a dynamic and high energy ocean. The area from shoreline to just beyond the wave breaker zone (sandy littoral zone) is our frontline against powerful wave action. It is important to note however, that the decision by the government not to proceed was taken at the height of a state government election campaign. These new players, not surprisingly, reinforce the cycle of development conflict on the Gold Coast. The Gold Coast, one of Australias tourist magnets, is typically defined by its spectacular beaches, forests, hinterland ranges, vibrant communities, and unique waterways. Whelan, J. Place is also read and understood as a physical site in relation to both built and natural environments, as well as through written, verbal, visual and non-verbal media and marketing. At the time a Gold Coast channel nine TV news program (SOSA, c) conducted a poll with the question: Will the Beattie Government lose your vote over its push for a cruise ship terminal at The Spit? and the published result showed that 86.4 percent of respondents said YES 23In order to determine what place values, meanings and attachments users of the Spit held, we carried out 88 intercept surveys on the Spit between February and September 2007. Management of the AONB is designed to minimise the negative impacts of visitor pressure. Cartier, C. and Lew, A. SUSTAINABILITY. Dis-placed voices: sense of place and place-identity on the Sunshine Coast, Social and Cultural Geography, 8(5): 755-773. Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause direct degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. The feeling of attachment that is produced from knowing a place comes from living that place. In an effort to save the Spit from major development a second rally took place in November 2012 and studies indicated that the Spit environs have been identified as a key environmental asset worth more than $611 million for the city (Weston 2013). With the reputation of the city as a symbol of excess, extravagance, tackiness, and placelessness (Weaver and Lawton, 2004) along with the pro-development attitude of the state government and the abundance of entrepreneurial initiatives (Dedekorkut-Howes and Bosman, 2015), it raises many questions about city governance (Dredge and Bosman, 2011; Wise, 2006), and its planning strategies and instruments (Dredge and Jamal, 2013; Griffin, 2006). For example, Taylor (1967) assumes the conflict in South East Queensland arose from the Aborigines seeking to control European resources, to share in the superabundance of goods and stock that had suddenly descended upon them. Using observed market expenditure to estimate the value of recreational surfing to the Gold Coast, Australia, Proceedings from the Queensland Coastal Conference. Respondents were then asked to rate the overall impact tourism has Tourism and Environment | Annual Review of Environment and Resources Daniels, (2003). The methodology to monitor changes and to establish biological carrying capacity is still unsophisticated. We have spectacular beaches, hinterland ranges, forests, and waterways. Also, it boasts highly specialise economy that is dominated by the tourism industry. Ms Battista said tourism was part of the city's history and believed it was a critical component of future success. Hundloe, T., B. McDougall and C. Page (2015). They suffer worldwide from reef-based tourism developments and from tourist activity. The City of Gold Coast is also dissected by numerous rivers and creeks that have largely been reconfigured and developed into prime real estate around artificial canals (Figure 1). There are also a number of physical impacts that arise from the development of the tourism industry. This suggests that the people who signed and attended the Save Our Spit rally were not necessarily the ones who visited the Spit on an everyday, regular basis. Vanclay, F., M. Higgins and A. Blackshaw (eds.) Although there are not as many (far from it!) It may also contribute to changes in behaviour. GOLD COAST MC, Qld 9726 Ph: +61 7 5552 8116, Fax: +61 7 5552 8171 . PDF Social Indicators 2019 Gold Coast Niche market attractions, such as artificial reefs, cruise ship holidays, or mountain bike parks were of limited mass appeal, but could be attractive for selected markets. Interestingly, the Gold Coast circumstances also paralleled the emergence of an environmental prerogative in the interpretation and implementation of the Commonwealth Oceans Policy (Vince, 2008). No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement Requirements, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, https://doi.org/10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10496, 1. (by the way- you can help me to be able to keep content like this free for everyone to access by subscribing to my YouTube channel! Kruger and S.E. Submission to the Parliament House, Committee on Climate Change, Water, Environment and the Arts, URL: . 16Development controversy on the Spit ended temporality in 1992 when a newly elected Labor State Government disbanded the Waterways Authority. However, historically, the Australian Constitution decreed that the planning and management of crown land was the responsibility of state and territory governments (Wescott, 2008). Caring for our beaches | City of Gold Coast This then has a wider impact on the global marine life and ecosystem, as many animals rely on the coral for as their habitat and food source. George, J., chair (2009). Development Versus Coastal Protection: The Gold Coast Case Study There was little or no planning legislation in place to protect the coastline. ensuring there is enough sand on Gold Coast beaches for recreation, mitigating beach erosion risks to infrastructure, keeping our ocean waters are safe for recreational activities. Copyright 2009-2023 HRSP.com.au. Sense of place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners attitudes towards their properties, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21: 233-48. Belonging as a resource: the case of Ralphs Bay, Tasmania, and the local politics of place, Review of the Implementation of Oceans Policy. Mayor Tate, backed by the newly elected Newman Liberal National Party State Government put out a call for expressions of interest to develop a range of tourist infrastructure including a casino, hotels and cruise ship terminal on the Spit (See SOSA, a). Areas that would be home to a wide array of flora and fauna are turned into hotels, car parks and swimming pools. Gold Coast tourism is booming and forecasts indicate its only going to continue to improve. The changing face of local government on the Gold Coast, In C. Bosman, A. Dedekorkut-Howes and A. Leach (eds. The completion of the Surfers Paradise Sand Backpass Pipeline construction. Ill never forget the site when I flew over the Amazon Rainforest only to see huge areas of forest cleared. There are also many cases of erosion, whereby tourists may trek the same path or ski the same slope so frequently that it erodes the natural landscape. Learn more about our environment. Community Engagement: Practical strategies for empowerment or wishful narrative?, URL: . Positive environmental impacts can also be induced through the NEED for the environment. The battle between old and new players and their place-making practices is ongoing. Although there is only one marina owned by a yacht club (Southport Yacht Club), there are about twenty other privately owned marinas, slipways and boatyards within the jurisdiction of this unique city, which offers the proximity to two major airports, tourism attractions, theme parks and unique hinterland (Tenefrancia, 2016). Nowadays, fortunately, this is less commonly the case, however I am sure that there are still exceptions. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Yet by early 2014, the Newman State Government nominated the ASF China Consortium developer to build a cruise ship terminal in the vicinity of the Spit. Coastal dunes also provide valuable habitat for native wildlife such as birds, reptiles, and invertebrates. The changing face of local government on the Gold Coast, In C. Bosman, A. Dedekorkut-Howes and A. Leach (eds. natural environment at the tourism sites involved. In the past cruise ships would simply dump their waste while out at sea. Lazarow, N. and R. Tomlinson (2009). Because of its ability to attract thousands of tourists year after year, the Gold Coast has managed to provide jobs to thousands of its residents and it has become a more attractive place to move to. Pollution from sewage can have adverse effects. One thing that did emerge from the 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study was that the Gold Coast City Council agreed that no development (private or commercial) would occur on the remnant of public land at the northern end of the Southport Spit and that the open space character of the area would be retained and enhanced (Gold Coast City Council, 2003). A few minutes later we saw a huge pile of (human??) In the case of the Southport Spit local place-making practices and local communities succeeded in achieving (for now) a local outcome, valued and upheld by many local people. The Gold Coast Transformed, From Wilderness to Urban Ecosystem, CSIRO. This is all but one sad example of the environmental impacts of tourism. 62% said that they observed improved facility maintenance due to the fact that more and more visitors come here every year. Being a Gold Coast Tourism partner, we strive to help you make well-informed choices without burning a hole in your pocket. consumed by an average person yearly- thats a pretty shocking statistic! Cyclones, tsunamis and storm surges affect not just our coastal development and recreational amenity, but also the ecosystems of our coast. Yet, things were about to change. 8The process of constructing place meanings, values and attachments is the result of a multitude of influences and factors (Dovey, 1999; Creswell, 2004; Massey, 1994; Carter, Dyer and Sharma, 2007; Vanclay, Higgins and Blackshaw, 2008). Best, Y. It capitalises on its almost-perfect climate, laid-back environment, and lifestyle. Clearly, it was also a reaction to the national governments latest recommendations, specifically regarding the Resource Assessment Commission Coastal Zone Inquiry (1993) and the release of Australias Oceans Policy in 1998, which was recognised as a milestone in marine resource management worldwide. Luxury in all its States: Foundations, Dynamic and Plurality, Social Movements, Here and There; from the Past and the Present, Island Worlds: Spaces, Temporalities, Resources, Marine Resources and Coastal Development: Vulnerability, Management and Adaptation to Global Change, Tourism and Fight against Poverty: Theoretical Approach and Case Studies, Insularity and Tourism: Territorial Project Matter, Globalization: different faces, different perspectives, The Caribbean coast of Central America: fragmentation or regional integration, Tourism, culture(s) and Territorial Attractiveness, The changing world of coastal, island and tropical tourism, Cruise Tourism: Territorialisation, Construction and Development Issues, Islands in crisis: Haiti, Jamaica, France's overseas, Marine Resources: Current Situations, Usages and Management, Tourism in Latin America: Development Challenges and Perspectives, Spaces and Protected Areas: Integrative Management and Participatory governance, Small Island Territories and Sustainable Development, Tourism in the Tropical and Subtropical Islands and Coastlines: Places Usages and Development Issues, Migrations, Mobilities and Caribbean Identical Constructions, Micro-Insularity and Marine Environments Degradation: Example of the Caribbean, Empreintes de l'esclavage dans la Carabe, criture hors-pair d'Andr et de Simone Schwarz-Bart, Risques, rsilience et prennit des destinations touristiques. London: Verso. To ensure our beaches and foreshores retain their sparkle, we invest in a range of cleaning and management services. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as: soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. Type the characters you see in the image below, Catchment & Citizen Science Grants Program, Business incentives & investment programs, Copy of decision notice or plan of development, Development application pre-lodgement advice, Lodge a submission to have your say on a development application, Appealing a development application decision, Residential plumbing & drainage applications, Commercial plumbing & drainage applications, Concurrency plumbing & drainage applications, Stormwater and sediment control on building sites, Building development on cultural heritage sites, Tree & vegetation removal on private land, Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project, Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Vanclay, F., M. Higgins and A. Blackshaw (eds.) Language, and in particular advertising, is a key constructor of place, especially with regard to tourist places. Type the characters you see in the image below, Catchment & Citizen Science Grants Program, Business incentives & investment programs, Copy of decision notice or plan of development, Development application pre-lodgement advice, Lodge a submission to have your say on a development application, Appealing a development application decision, Residential plumbing & drainage applications, Commercial plumbing & drainage applications, Concurrency plumbing & drainage applications, Stormwater and sediment control on building sites, Building development on cultural heritage sites, Tree & vegetation removal on private land, City Plan: Coastal dune management policy, improve the health and function of the dune vegetation, improve the stability and resilience of the dunes. Annually 90% of Gold Coast dune systems are actively maintained under this program. Today the city welcomes more than 12 million visitors annually (ABS, 2015). The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History, Massachusetts, MIT Press. Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce. And if the Spit is developed will this be just another link in a long chain of development conflict cycles, none ever completely resolved? How the Gold Coast games transformed a resort region into a city The more this occurs, the more damage that is caused. However, historically, the Australian Constitution decreed that the planning and management of crown land was the responsibility of state and territory governments (Wescott, 2008). enhance the amenity and safety of the beach experience. City Maintenance calculate there is approximately . The impact of tourism brings both positive and negative growth. The current new players on the block are the Citys Mayor, Tom Tate at the local government level with the support of the state government, and the international ASF China Consortium as the dvelopper. On the other hand, the new players, the European settlers, saw the region as one of plentiful resources, and good farming potential. (1994). The Gold Coast has a major opportunity with the Commonwealth Games. Call us now at 07 5539 8553. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. Lynda Schneekloth and Robert Shibley (2000) suggest that [p]lace making is the way all of us as human beings transform the places in which we find ourselves into places in which we live. The 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper was part of this endeavour to address local issues at the local scale and take into account local place values and interests. This was despite the existing framework that was established under the National Cooperative Approach to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and the Australias Oceans Policy. The Gold Coast enjoys almost 300 days of sunshine per year that most people, particularly those who are coming from countries with cold winters, really find comfortable. By June 2013 the development project was in doubt, primarily on account of fiscal arrangements. A celebration of nature. minimize the negative impacts of tourism in the host community. Animals may become a nuisance, by entering areas that they wouldnt (and shouldnt) usually go into, such as peoples homes. ), Off the Plan: The Urbanisation of the Gold Coast. We divided the compartments into 3 categories according to: For each beach compartment, we assess 4 measures of beach health: We then weight the scores from these measures equally against the 3 categories. Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism The tensions and differences between the two groups of players seem irreconcilable (see table 1). Burton, P. (2012). This situation also reflected the wider commonwealth disengagement from state planning concerns and the failure of all levels of government to implement policy (Vince, 2008; Wescott, 2002). For tourist areas such as the City of Gold Coast, place is not simply a location it is a culmination of social processes along with tourist perceptions, or an intersection of various global flows, not just of money or capital, but of visitors (Urry, 1995). The good, bad and ugly sides to a holiday on Australia's Gold Coast The Gold Coast: context and value of place, 2. 2. (1994). It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. The majority of survey respondents were employed (non-professional) Australian males aged between 25-54, which corresponds with the major activities of surfing and diving. Where green turns to gold: Strip cultivation and the Gold Coast hinterland, Transformations 2(March): 1-15. For many coastal cities such as the City of Gold Coast, the challenge is compounded, as activities in the coastal zone (land and water) significantly contribute to creating a sense of place. Conflict in Urban Development, Aldershot, Ashgate. This declaration triggered State legislation that called for an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) which meant the Government had direct control over the way the EIS was developed, the criteria by which it was to be assessed and it enabled other legislation to be bypassed if necessary. Native vegetation stabilises coastal dunes. When it comes to increased regional profile, 77% agreed that Gold Coast tourism had helped in this aspect. Based on statistics published online by the Council of the City of Gold Coast, the region welcomes more than 12 million visitors per year with 22.4million annual visitor nights. The ultimatetourismglossary, 50 fascinating facts about the travel andtourismindustry. Those that did use the Spit regularly, as the surveys testify, perhaps took the Spit for granted or felt disempowered. Following large storm events, beach crews clean up large debris such as logs and hazardous materials. Whilst some are good, the majority unfortunately are bad. Hay, I. The intent of the new players is to disrupt the existing norms as understood by the old players. Wise, P. and S. Breen (2004). Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and ocean pollution to localized effects on endangered plant and animal species in protected areas. This condition has raised concerns and excited resistance around democratic participation in the local politics of place, contestations over ecological space, and decisions about land use (Stratford 2009), concerns that are central to the Southport Spit. This energetic and dedicated group organised a number of rallies and delegations and petitions over the next two years (Figure 5) and maintained (and continue to maintain) an evocative and resourceful web site. Comprehensive research to asses such proposals would generate the economic models and social impact studies needed to advance such decision making and capitalise positively on the current tourism boom. ), Off the Plan: The Urbanisation of the Gold Coast, CSIRO: 3144. The Bold and the beautiful: Urban heritage and history Gold Coast style, Proceedings from the 8th Australasian UHPH conference. The Gold Coast enjoys almost 300 days of sunshine per year that most people, particularly those who are coming from countries with cold winters, really find comfortable. Cambridge: Polity. This transformation, combined with an extraordinary increase in population (8,400 inhabitants in 1947; almost 70,000 in 1991 and over 555,000 in 2017, ABS, 2017) resulted in urban densification of the coastline, which became the hub for a range of services, tourist attractions and housing. The Gold Coast coastline has, not surprisingly, been significantly impacted by the rapid urbanisation (Figure 2); specifically during the post-war period (the glorious Fifties), and continuing into the 1960s and again in the early 1990s. No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). (2008). Website by Ignition Media. Marina Destinations: Innovation & Lifestyle, Boat Gold Coast, Aug-Oct 2016: 8-9. Government regulation is . This lifestyle and identity have been produced from and are synonymous with place features and characteristics of the Spit: undeveloped, natural beachside, free open and accessible public space. The Gold Coast is one of the most popular spots in Australia with 4.2 million visitors a year. For instance, Dekker. The first major conflict in the now City of Gold Coast followed the arrival of European settlement in the region leading up to the mid-1820s. Karine Dupre and Caryl Bosman, Development Versus Coastal Protection: The Gold Coast Case Study (Australia),tudes caribennes [Online], 36|Avril 2017, Online since 15 April 2017, connection on 01 May 2023.